微生物检验标本不合格原因及质量控制

微生物学主要是对微生物的形态、结构、生命规律等进行研究,常见标本的微生物有血、骨髓、静脉导管、尿液、穿刺液以及大便标本等。微生物检验对传染性疾病有着显著的诊断与防治作用,且在临床医学中对帮助卫生细菌学和医院的消毒工作发挥了很大的作用,也对传染病的预防和监督起着至关重要的作用,因此重要地位,也是临床医学的基础之一。随着我国的飞速发展,微生物技术也在不断创新,近几年来,微生物检验逐渐在临床中广泛应用,对人们的疾病诊断及防治起到了重要的作用。为进一步将检验结果的准确性提高,采取相关的质量控制对策是非常重要的。     

中低度近视SMILE术后超早期视觉质量变化的研究

目的观察飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)术后超早期患者视觉质量变化,探讨其变化发生的可能原因。方法选取中低度近视患者23例46眼行SMILE术,术前及术后24 h超早期行主观视觉质量问卷,测量最佳矫正视力的全程视力(远视力5 m,中视力60 cm,近视力33 cm)、对比敏感度(CS)、眩光敏感度(GS)及集合近点(NPC)和调节幅度(AA)。结果视觉质量主观问卷显示术后超早期主观视觉质量较术前下降(P=0.001)。术后裸眼视力(UCVA)明显提高(P=0.0001)。术前与术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)中远视力没有变化(P=0.096),而中视力和近视力均较术前下降(P=0.039,0.003)。术后CS、GS降低(PCS=0.0001,PGS=0.04),NPC、AA较术前无明显变化(P=0.68,0.13)。结论SMILE术后超早期患者可获得预期理想远视力,但中、近视力尚未恢复。超早期中出现的异常视觉质量改变可能与对比敏感度和眩光敏感度的改变有关。     

The role of preoperative imaging and tumor markers in predicting malignant ovarian masses in children

To investigate the clinicopathololgic characteristics and the predicting value of preoperative imaging and tumor markers in children with ovarian masses. Patients admitted in Shanghai children’s hospital with ovary neoplasms between 2010.01 and 2015.12 were retrospectively analyzed. The medical records including age at operation, presentation of symptoms and signs, tumor marker, imaging, pathology, tumor diameter and surgical choice were reviewed. All data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 A total of 139 patients were included, among which 116 were benign neoplasms and 23 malignant tumors. There was significance difference relation with the tumor diameter, character, torsion and tumor markers, but not the age, position, calculi, and symptoms. The risk factors include tumor diameters ≥ 10 cm, the odds ratio (OR) was 11, 95% confidence interval (CI) was 3–36, solid/complex tumor (OR 6, 95% CI 2, 14) and positive in tumor markers (OR 84, 95% CI 20, 345). Among the patients with benign neoplasms, 77 of them had laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy while 23 patients with malignant tumors had salpingo-oophorectomy and omentum resection. Preoperative imaging and tumor markers could help identifying the malignant ovarian masses in children. If tumor diameter ≥ 10 cm, solid/complex in imaging and tumor markers abnormal, a radical resection is mandatory; otherwise, an ovarian-sparing surgery is recommended.     

儿童急性单核细胞白血病骨髓自然缓解1 例报告并文献复习

目的探讨急性髓系白血病自然缓解的诱因和可能的发生机制。方法回顾分析1例急性单核细胞白血病发生自然缓解患儿的临床资料,并结合相关文献探讨自然缓解的可能机制。结果 1岁4月龄男性患儿,确诊为急性髓系单核细胞白血病,未经化疗后发生骨髓自然缓解,约1年后出现髓系肉瘤复发,予行HLA半相合造血干细胞移植术,目前预后良好。回顾既往文献发生自然缓解患者大部分缓解之前有发热史,通常由感染导致,也可由药物撤除或输血导致。结论髓系白血病发生自然缓解很少见,未来或许可以通过免疫疗法达到治疗白血病的目的。     

OEC9900中型C型臂X射线机电源故障维修一例

1故障现象OEC9900中型C型臂X射线机在曝光时突然报错,无法工作。再次开机,在工作站右侧显示屏上报"WORK STATION UPS COMMUNICATION FAILURE"。下面两行说明是让关闭工作站,等待10 s再开机,如果还是报此信息,联系维修服务。C型臂端控制面板点阵显示屏上出现了"PRECHARGE VOLTAGE ERROR"的报错信息。由于此C型臂X射线机安装至今工作良好,没有出现过问题,所以过了保修期也没有向厂家购买过保修服务。联系厂家答复说工程师上门维修费1.6万元,还要等工程师安排时间。近期天气原因,患者增多,时间宝贵。     

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2流行期间儿童实体肿瘤诊治中的防控策略

自2019年12月湖北出现新型冠状病毒感染(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)患者以来,该病毒现已逐步扩散至全国各地及境外多个国家。国际病毒分类委员会将致病病毒命名为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2),人群普遍易感,包括儿童和孕产妇。恶性实体肿瘤患儿因肿瘤本身及化疗、放疗、免疫治疗等综合治疗手段的影响,免疫力较正常儿童低,可能更容易发生感染并进展为重症病例,而保障恶性实体肿瘤综合治疗计划实施的延续性和规范性是提高疗效、获得良好预后的关键之一。疫情期间,如何在做好疫情防控工作的同时保障肿瘤诊疗工作有序进行,是摆在每一个病患和医务人员面前的难题。本文结合COVID-19的传播特点以及有关部门防控COVID-19的要求,针对儿童实体肿瘤诊疗工作中的主要环节,提出疫情期间应考虑实施的措施和策略,建议制定科学的实体肿瘤门诊和病房管理制度,保障急诊手术,合理安排限期手术,适当延期择期手术,保障化疗规律进行,在保护患儿免受SARS-CoV-2感染的同时,确保儿童实体肿瘤综合诊疗工作的连续性。     

难治性产后出血治疗方法选择和转诊策略

难治性产后出血可导致产妇休克、弥散性血管内凝血、多器官功能衰竭,甚至死亡。根据分娩方式、出血特点、手术适应证选择不同的非保守止血方案(填塞术、手术治疗、介入甚至子宫切除等)可以发挥各自优势,术者选择较熟练的止血方法会获得良好效果;正确的液体复苏、抗休克治疗,准确抉择转诊及转诊时有效处置,可以减少并发症发生,挽救产妇生命。     

Improvements in epidermal function prevent relapse of psoriasis: a self‐controlled study

While therapeutic approaches for psoriasis are widely available, preventive regimens are lacking. We aimed to determine whether improvements in epidermal function could prevent psoriasis relapse. Two self‐controlled cohort studies were designed, enrolling two cohorts of patients with psoriasis (n = 30 and n = 60) to be treated topically with an in‐house‐prepared emollient or ATOPALM^® cream applied twice daily to one forearm for 20 and 30 days, respectively, while the same sites on the contralateral arm served as the untreated control. Epidermal function on both arms was assessed prior to and at the end of the trials. Delayed relapse on the treated arm was seen in 54.5% and 71% of patients in the first and second cohort, respectively. The time of psoriatic relapse correlated with the extent of abnormalities in baseline epidermal function. These results suggest that improvements in epidermal function with topical emollients can prevent/attenuate the development of psoriasis.